Respiration, in the context of Class 10 Biology,
refers to the process by which organisms obtain energy from the breakdown of organic molecules (such as glucose) and release waste products like carbon dioxide and water vapor. It involves the exchange of gases, mainly oxygen and carbon dioxide, between an organism and its environment.
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There are two types of respiration:
1. Aerobic Respiration: It is the most common type of respiration in living organisms. Aerobic respiration occurs in the presence of oxygen and involves a series of chemical reactions that take place within cells. The overall equation for aerobic respiration is:
Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy (in the form of ATP)
Glucose (a carbohydrate) is broken down into carbon dioxide and water, releasing energy that is stored in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate). This process occurs in the mitochondria of cells.
2. Anaerobic Respiration: Anaerobic respiration occurs in the absence of oxygen. It is less efficient in terms of energy production compared to aerobic respiration. There are two types of anaerobic respiration:
a. Alcoholic Fermentation: It occurs in some microorganisms, such as yeast. Glucose is converted into ethyl alcohol (ethanol), carbon dioxide, and a small amount of energy.
b. Lactic Acid Fermentation: It occurs in certain bacteria and human muscle cells during strenuous physical activity when there is an inadequate supply of oxygen. Glucose is converted into lactic acid, along with a small amount of energy.
Respiration is essential for the survival of living organisms as it provides energy required for various life processes, including growth, movement, reproduction, and maintaining body temperature.
